Well: The 'Monday Morning' Medical Screaming Match

I did not think I would ever see another “morbidity and mortality” conference in which senior doctors publicly attacked their younger colleagues for making medical errors. These types of heated meetings were commonplace when I was a medical student but have largely been abandoned.

Yet here they were again on “Monday Mornings,” a new medical drama on the TNT network, based on a novel by Dr. Sanjay Gupta, CNN’s chief medical correspondent and one of the executive producers of the show. Such screaming matches may make for good television, but it is useful to review why new strategies have emerged for dealing with medical mistakes.

So-called M&M conferences emerged in the early 20th century as a way for physicians to review cases that had either surprising outcomes or had somehow gone wrong. Although the format varied among institutions and departments, surgery M&Ms were especially known for their confrontations, as more experienced surgeons often browbeat younger doctors into admitting their errors and promising to never make them again.

Such conferences were generally closed door — that is, attended only by physicians. Errors were a private matter not to be shared with other hospital staff, let alone patients and families.

But in the late 1970s, a sociology graduate student named Charles L. Bosk gained access to the surgery department at the University of Chicago. His resultant 1979 book, “Forgive and Remember,” was one of the earliest public discussions of how the medical profession addressed its mistakes.

Dr. Bosk developed a helpful terminology. Technical and judgment errors by surgeons could be forgiven, but only if they were remembered and subsequently prevented by those who committed them. Normative errors, which called into question the moral character of the culprit, were unacceptable and potentially jeopardized careers.

Although Dr. Bosk’s book was more observational than proscriptive, his depiction of M&M conferences was disturbing. I remember attending a urology M&M as a medical student in which several senior physicians berated a very well-meaning and competent intern for a perceived mistake. The intern seemed to take it very well, but my fellow students and I were shaken by the event, asking how such hostility could be conducive to learning.

There were lots of angry accusations in the surgical M&Ms in the pilot episode of “Monday Mornings.” In one case, a senior doctor excoriated a colleague who had given Tylenol to a woman with hip pain who turned out to have cancer. “You allowed metastatic cancer to run amok for four months!” he screamed.

If this was what Dr. Bosk would have called a judgment error, the next case raised moral issues. A neurosurgeon had operated on a boy’s brain tumor without doing a complete family history, which would have revealed a disorder of blood clotting. The boy bled to death on the operating table. “The boy died,” announced the head surgeon, “because of a doctor’s arrogance.”

In one respect, it is good to see that the doctors in charge were so concerned. But as the study of medical errors expanded in the 1990s, researchers found that the likelihood of being blamed led physicians to conceal their errors. Meanwhile, although doctors who attended such conferences might indeed not make the exact same mistakes that had been discussed, it was far from clear that M&Ms were the best way to address the larger problem of medical errors, which, according to a 1999 study, killed close to 100,000 Americans annually.

Eventually, experts recommended a “systems approach” to medical errors, similar to what had been developed by the airline industry. The idea was to look at the root causes of errors and to devise systems to prevent them. Was there a way, for example, to ensure that the woman with the hip problem would return to medical care when the Tylenol did not help? Or could operations not be allowed to occur until a complete family history was in the chart? Increasingly, hospitals have put in systems, such as preoperative checklists and computer warnings, that successfully prevent medical errors.

Another key component of the systems approach is to reduce the emphasis on blame. Even the best doctors make mistakes. Impugning them publicly — or even privately — can make them clam up. But if errors are seen as resulting from inadequate systems, physicians and other health professionals should be more willing to speak up.

Of course, the systems approach is not perfect. Studies continue to show that physicians conceal their mistakes. And elaborate systems for preventing errors can at times interfere with getting things done in the hospital.

Finally, it is important not to entirely remove the issue of responsibility. Sad to say, there still are physicians who are careless and others who are arrogant. Even if today’s M&M conferences rarely involve screaming, supervising physicians need to let such colleagues know that these types of behaviors are unacceptable.

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Barron H. Lerner, M.D., professor of medicine at New York University Langone Medical Center, is the author, most recently, of “One for the Road: Drunk Driving Since 1900.”

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DealBook: Ackman to Herbalife: You're Not the Girl Scouts

William A. Ackman is not letting his adversary compare itself to the Girl Scouts.

Mr. Ackman, head of the hedge fund Pershing Square Capital Management, issued a fresh challenge on Thursday to Herbalife, the nutritional supplements company that he is betting against.

In a document posted online, Pershing Square takes aim at Herbalife’s disclosures about its business model. The company, which Mr. Ackman has accused of being an abusive pyramid scheme, sells its products through a network of independent distributors, who turn around and sell to customers or consume the products themselves.

Seeming to leave no statement by Herbalife unchallenged, the hedge fund manager even addressed a comment by Michael Johnson, the chief executive, who compared his company’s model to that of the Girl Scouts.

“When Girl Scouts sell cookies, do 11 levels of ‘upline’ Girl Scouts receive sales commissions? Do the top 1 percent of Girl Scouts receive 88 percent of the award badges?” Pershing Square asks in the document released on Thursday. “How many former Girl Scouts have sued the Girl Scouts’ organization and accused it of running a pyramid scheme?”

Mr. Ackman was responding to a presentation by Herbalife last month — which itself was a rebuttal to Mr. Ackman’s opening salvo.

In the weeks since, the debate over the company has turned into a high-stakes drama on Wall Street, drawing in prominent investors and even leading to an bitter argument on live television.

In previous responses, Herbalife has cited its long history of sales growth and its compensation plan, which it says focuses on product sales, not recruitment.

“Herbalife is a financially strong and successful global nutrition company, having created meaningful value for shareholders, significant opportunities for distributors and positively impacted the lives and health of consumers since our founding in 1980, ” Barbara Henderson, a spokeswoman for the company said in a statement. She said Pershing Square was motivated by its “reckless” short position.

Mr. Ackman, however, is still pressing the company for more of a response.

“Herbalife management has repeatedly stated its commitment to total transparency,” he said in a statement. “In response to this invitation, we have prepared a substantial number of detailed questions.”

The initial questions center on whether distributors make their money primarily from retail sales outside the network or from recruiting other distributors. Citing a statement by the Federal Trade Commission, Pershing Square suggests that that distinction is important in determining whether the company is a fraud.

“What proof can the company provide that bona fide retail sales (defined as sales to non-distributors) at sufficient profits occur such that Herbalife’s distributors obtain their monetary benefits primarily from sales to independent, third-party retail customers rather than from recruiting rewards?” Pershing Square asks.

Over its 40-page document, the hedge fund challenges various aspects of Herbalife’s presentation in January and poses many pointed questions.

For instance, Pershing Square asks Herbalife to release more details about a report by Lieberman Research Worldwide, which used an Internet survey to conclude that the majority of Herbalife’s sales went to people outside the distributor network.

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Boy Scouts postpone decision on admitting gays

A decision on whether the Boy Scouts of America will keep its policy that excludes gay members and leaders will not be voted on until the organization's annual meeting in May.

By Michael Muskal and Molly Hennessy-Fiske

February 6, 2013, 9:18 a.m.

IRVING, Texas -- The Boy Scouts of America decided Wednesday to put off a decision on whether to lift a national ban of gay members and leaders, saying the issue of sexual orientation was too complex and needed more time for study.

The decision to wait came after the organization recently announced that it would consider changing its policies and might allow local chapters to decide whether to admit gays as Scouts and leaders.

“After careful consideration and extensive dialog within the Scouting family, along with comments from those outside the organization, the volunteer officers of the Boy Scouts of America's National Executive Board concluded that due to the complexity of this issue, the organization needs time for a more deliberate review of its membership policy,” Deron Smith, the BSA director of public relations, said in a statement.

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“To that end, the executive board directed its committees to further engage representatives of Scouting’s membership and listen to their perspectives and concerns. This will assist the officers’ work on a resolution on membership standards,” he stated.

The approximately 1,400 voting members of the national council will take action on the resolution at the national meeting in May in Grapevine, Texas, he said.

It was the Scouts that put the issue back on the agenda for the current executive board meeting, held in its headquarters in Irving. But the move also came amid declining membership, questions by corporate sponsors and public pressure from activists who oppose the current national ban.

“Today the Boy Scouts of America have chosen to remain irrelevant by delaying the vote,” said James Dale, who was expelled from the Scouts in 1990 for being openly gay. “For over 23 years, since I was expelled from the Scouts, I have held out hope that the Boy Scouts would end their discriminatory policy. With each passing day the Scouts will continue to lose members, sponsors and funding. No parent or child should associate with an organization that sends a toxic message telling children they are immoral if they are gay.”

GLAAD, the nation's lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender advocacy group, condemned the decision to wait.

“An organization that serves youth and chooses to intentionally hurt dedicated young people and hard-working parents not only flies in the face of American principles, but the principles of being a Boy Scout,” GLAAD President Herndon Graddick stated.

“The Boy Scouts of America is choosing to ignore the cries of millions, including religious institutions, current Scouting families, and corporate sponsors, but these cries will not be silenced. We're living in a culture where hurting young gay people because of who they are is unpopular and discriminatory. They had the chance to end the pain this ban has caused to young people and parents; they chose to extend the pain.”

Those seeking to keep the ban were also vocal. A majority of the Boy Scout organizations are sponsored by local churches, many of which have religious objections to homosexuals.

About 100 people gathered outside Boy Scouts headquarters in suburban Dallas carrying signs that said “Save our boys from homosexual acts;” “God votes no gays” and “Don't invite sin into the camp.”

Texas Values, a conservative group that organized a prayer vigil this week in support of keeping gays out of the Scouts, said the Scouts organization was right to delay a decision.

“It's a temporary victory,” Jonathan Saenz said of Wednesday's vote. “Good for them -- they're obviously listening. We are encouraged and we're glad they're going to delay the decision. When you deal with such fundamental principles, it's not something you want to tinker with overnight.”

Robert Davis, 48, of Benbrook, Texas, wore his Longhorn Council Scouting uniform and brought his two sons to the protest Wednesday.

“I think it's a good sign,” he said of the organization’s vote. “The Boy Scouts of America is one of the last moral high grounds in this country. I hate to see it die.”

Among politicians, both President Obama and Texas Gov. Rick Perry have been part of the debate.

“My attitude is that gays and lesbians should have access and opportunity the same way everybody else does in every institution and walk of life,” said Obama, who as U.S. president is the honorary president of BSA, in a Sunday interview with CBS.

Perry, the author of the book “On My Honor: Why the American Values of the Boy Scouts Are Worth Fighting For,” said in a speech Saturday that “to have popular culture impact 100 years of their standards is inappropriate.”

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Twitter Locks Kids Out of Its Vine Video App

Twitter now requires people to certify they are at least 17 years old before running the Apple version of the company’s video app Vine. Twitter says the iOS app is for adults because it contains ”frequent/intense sexual content or nudity,” among other things, signaling that Vine will continue to traffic in risqué content.

People flipped out last week when a Twitter staffer accidentally selected a pornographic Vine video as an “Editor’s Pick,” thus recommending it to all the service’s users. Twitter apologized for the mistake, but that doesn’t mean that adult content was banished from Vine. Indeed, there is nothing in Vine’s Terms of Service that prohibits sexually explicit videos. Vine even includes a mechanism that hides videos marked as inappropriate, requiring a second click to view them.

Apple reportedly pushed Twitter to put the age restriction in place, presumably because Vine can hypothetically be used to view porn, even though it’s not expressly designed for such content. The iOS version of Google’s Chrome web browser, which can (conceivably!) also be used to view porn, is similarly restricted to adults only, as are other iOS web browsers. Of course, like an “R” rating on a movie, a 17+ restriction on an app does not dampen its appeal to teenagers. This move could actually make Vine more common in high schools rather than less, if, that is, Twitter can convince teens to take any time away from SnapChat.

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The New Old Age Blog: For Women, Reduced Access to Long-Term Care Insurance

“This was a very, very good business for a short time, with people buying long-term care insurance like it was candy in a candy store,’’ said Michael Perry, a vice president at the Opus Advisory Group, a strategic financial planning firm in Purchase, N.Y.

No more. Mr. Perry has sold only one long-term care policy in the last six months and is “backing off from marketing’’ them as he watches this corner of the insurance business contract, raise premiums, tighten eligibility requirements and reduce key benefits. Long-term care insurance is a comparatively new product, launched in the late ’80s, and only now, as claims begin to pour in, have the actual costs to insurers become apparent.

Companies like MetLife, Prudential Financial, Allianz and Berkshire Financial (a subsidiary of Guardian) have stopped selling new policies and are hiking premiums for the ones already in place — up 37 percent, by one estimate, in 2011. Insurers are increasing elimination periods — the period during which a beneficiary must cover his or her own costs — and reducing inflation protection to 3 percent from 5 percent, once customary. They are requiring home visits instead of phone interviews from new applicants, as well as blood tests and a thorough examination of their medical records.

But the change that has generated the most public attention is so-called gender-distinct pricing, a new strategy that will raise rates for single women by as much as 40 percent beginning in April. Genworth Financial, the nation’s largest long-term care insurance provider with more than a million policy holders, is the first to win approval by state insurance commissions to raise rates for single women purchasing new policies. Women, most of them single by the time they reach advanced age, cost the company $2 of every $3 in benefits paid so far, according to Steve Zabel, Genworth’s senior vice president for long-term care insurance.

The company also will introduce what Mr. Zabel called “enhanced underwriting,” or more stringent qualifying standards, including blood testing to check for nicotine, drugs and markers of cardiovascular disease for all new applicants, regardless of gender or marital status.

Now permitted in all states except Montana and Colorado, gender-distinct pricing will not affect Genworth’s current policyholders, only new applicants. But all other carriers are likely to follow, according to Jesse Slome, executive director of the American Association for Long-Term Insurance, a trade group in Westlake Village, Calif. With the entire industry headed toward higher rates, Mr. Slome recently warned women that “the window is closing” and that now is the time to grab a policy while the price is still manageable.

Women have always paid less than men for life insurance. But because they live longer, women are the disproportionate beneficiaries of long-term care insurance, which paid out $6.6 billion in benefits in 2011. Mr. Slome expects that number to top $7 billion in 2012.

The reasons are well known:

* On average, women outlive men by five years. Among those born in 1960, the average man will live to age 67 and the average woman to age 73. And women who reach age 65 can expect to live an average of 20 more years.

* By age 75, 7 in 10 women are widowed, divorced or have never been married. Some 40 percent of them live alone, compared to 22 percent of men. Two-thirds of those past the age of 85 are women, as are 80 percent of centenarians.

* Women who live to age 65 experience on average two years of disability requiring assistance before death. Those who reach age 80 will require three years of assistance.

* In nursing homes, the most expensive form of long-term care, 7 in 10 residents are women. They represent 76 percent of the residents in assisted living facilities and two-thirds of the recipients of home care. Virtually none of this is paid for by Medicare, the government’s health plan for those 65-and-over. In nursing homes, Medicaid, a poverty program, kicks in for residents who run out of money.

“Woman live longer than men,” said Suzanna de Baca, a vice president of wealth strategies at Ameriprise Financial. “This may mean we experience a longer period of decline. Unfortunately, we are often less likely to have a partner around to help take care of us than our male counterparts.’’

Long-term care, Mr. Slome said, “is truly a women’s issue.”

While acknowledging the extra expense of caring for women, Mr. Slome said that in his view insurance carriers are being disingenuous in blaming the new policies on long-apparent gender differences. Rather he said, the culprit in the changing requirements is interest rates. “Blame the Federal Reserve,’’ he said.

Insurance carriers invest premiums and need to earn enough on that investment to pay benefits. When interest rates were higher, it was not all that difficult. Now the numbers don’t pencil out, and stockholders are fuming. But it is illegal to file for premium increases with the state insurance commissions based on changes in the financial market, Mr. Slome said.

This position does not endear Mr. Slome to his membership, at least one of whom disputes the claim. Asked if the new rate policies were related to interest rates, Mr. Zabel of Genworth, in an e-mail, replied with a succinct “no.”

Insurers say they were not able to judge the costs of care until the payouts began in earnest.

So what is a woman trying to prepare for old age supposed to do, especially after the elimination of the Class Act, a modest attempt to include long-term care in the Affordable Care Act?

Ms. da Baca suggests “careful and thorough budgeting,” “focusing on wellness,” and “proactive steps” to research suitable places to live when home is no longer an option. Ms. da Baca also advises women to make home modifications — incrementally, as one’s budget permits — to increase the chances that you’ll be able to stay there longer.

Mr. Perry, of the Opus Advisory Group, suggests an intriguing option: life insurance with a chronic care rider, which permits the policy-holder to spend money for such needs while alive, although doing so will reduce the tax-free death benefit. Still, not all buyers — or their survivors — are willing to sacrifice those benefits.

“The need is still there, no question about it,’’ Mr. Perry said. But long-term care insurance is likely to become much harder for everyone to find and afford, especially women.

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DealBook: R.B.S. to Pay $612 Million Over Rate Rigging

LONDON – The Royal Bank of Scotland on Wednesday struck a combined $612 million settlement with American and British authorities over accusations that it manipulated interest rates, the latest case to emerge from a broad international investigation.

In an embarrassing blow to the bank, its Japanese subsidiary also pleaded guilty to criminal wrongdoing in its settlement with the Justice Department. The R.B.S. subsidiary, a hub of rate-rigging activity, agreed to a single count of felony wire fraud to resolve the case.

The settlement reflects the Justice Department’s renewed vigor for punishing banks ensnared in the rate manipulation case. In December, a Japanese subsidiary of UBS pleaded guilty to felony wire fraud as part of a larger settlement, representing the first unit of a big bank to agree to criminal charges in more than a decade.

As authorities built the R.B.S. case, they seized on a series of incriminating yet colorful e-mails that highlighted an effort to influence the rate-setting process, a plot that spanned multiple currencies and countries from 2006 to 2010. One senior trader expressed disbelief at reaping lucrative profits from the scheme, saying “it’s just amazing” how rate “fixing can make you that much money,” according to the government’s complaint. Another trader, after pressuring a colleague to submit a certain rate, offered a reward of sorts: “I would come over there and make love to you.”

In a statement on Wednesday, the American regulator leading the case slammed the bank for manipulating benchmarks like the London Interbank Offered Rate, or Libor. The regulator, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, noted that R.B.S. employees “aided and abetted” UBS and other firms in the rate-rigging scheme and continued to run afoul of the law, though more covertly, even after learning of a federal investigation.

“The public is deprived of an honest benchmark interest rate when a group of traders sits around a desk for years falsely spinning their bank’s Libor submissions, trying to manufacture winning trades. That’s what happened at R.B.S.,” David Meister, the enforcement director of the commission, said in the statement.

Libor Explained

The settlement represents the latest setback for Royal Bank of Scotland, which has struggled to shake the legacy of the 2008 financial crisis. The British firm already has put aside $2.7 billion to compensate customers who were inappropriately sold loan insurance over recent years. On Jan. 31, British regulators also called on the bank and other local rivals to review the sale of interest-rate hedging products after more than 90 percent of a sample were found to have been sold improperly.

The broader rate-rigging case has centered on how much the Royal Bank of Scotland and a dozen other banks, including Citigroup and HSBC, charge each other for loans. Such benchmarks, including Libor, help determine the borrowing costs for trillions of dollars in financial products like corporate loans, mortgages and credit cards.

But the Royal Bank of Scotland, like many of its competitors, corrupted the process. Government complaints filed over the last year outlined a scheme in which banks reported false rates to lift trading profits and deflect concerns about their health during the crisis.

Authorities filed the first Libor case in June, extracting a $450 million settlement with the British bank Barclays. In December, UBS agreed to a record $1.5 billion settlement with European regulators, the Justice Department and the American regulator that opened the case, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. The Justice Department’s criminal division, which secured the guilty plea from the bank’s Japanese unit, also filed criminal charges against two former UBS traders.

Some of the world’s largest financial institutions remain caught in the cross hairs of the case. Deutsche Bank has set aside an undisclosed amount to cover potential penalties.

While foreign banks have received the brunt of the scrutiny to date, an American institution could be among the next to settle. Citigroup and JPMorgan Chase are under investigation.

In the $612 million Royal Bank of Scotland case, authorities levied the second-largest fine in the multiyear investigation into rate manipulation.

The fine included a $325 million penalty from the trading commission and a £87.5 million ($137 million) sanction from the Financial Services Authority, the British regulator, marking one of the largest financial penalties ever from British authorities. The Justice Department, for its part, imposed a $150 million fine as part of a deferred-prosecution agreement with R.B.S. In addition to wire fraud, the Justice Department cited the bank for its role in a “price-fixing conspiracy” that violated anti-trust laws.

R.B.S., based in Edinburgh, had aimed to avert the guilty plea for its Japanese subsidiary. But the Justice Department’s criminal division declined to back down, and the bank had little leverage to push back. If it had balked at a plea deal, the Justice Department could have moved to indict the subsidiary.

“Like with Barclays and UBS, the settlement with R.B.S. is much more than a slap on the wrist,” said Bart Chilton, a member of the trading commission who is critical of soft fines on big banks.

In the wake of the settlement, Royal Bank of Scotland is shaking up its management team as it moves to repair its bruised image. John Hourican, the firm’s investment banking chief, resigned on Wednesday, and agreed to forgo some of his past and current compensation totaling around $14.1 million. While Mr. Hourican was not implicated in the scandal, senior executives said he was taking blame for wrongdoing in his division.

“John is the right senior person to take responsibility for this,” the bank’s chairman, Philip Hampton, told reporters on Wednesday.

Royal Bank of Scotland, in which the government holds an 82 percent stake after providing a $73 billion bailout in 2008, also plans to claw back bonuses and other long-term compensation totaling $471 million to help pay for the rate-rigging penalty. The bank will will primarily use the figure to pay the fines from U.S. authorities, while penalties from the British regulator will be recycled back to the British government.

At a press conference in central London on Wednesday, Stephen Hester, the bank’s chief executive, condemned the illegal behavior of some of the firm’s employees, but acknowledged that Royal Bank of Scotland did not monitor its Libor submissions closely enough to catch the wrongdoing.

Mr. Hester, who has led the bank through a series of scandals and has been dogged by politicians’ demands for reductions in bonuses, admitted that the rate-rigging episode had placed the bank under a lot of strain.

“It is one of the most difficult moments over the entire period,” he said.

Mr. Hester, a former chief executive of the property developer British Land, has focused on paring back the bank’s operations. The C.E.O. has cut more than 30,000 job cuts since 2008, attempted to spin-off of the mergers and acquisitions unit and cut the size of its balance sheet by £600 billion since 2009. Mr. Hester also waved his $1.5 million bonus for 2011 after coming under pressure from British politicians.

In the Libor case, the wrongdoing at R.B.S. occurred on smaller scale than at other banks. The breach, authorities say, was limited to Libor submitters and traders who sought to bolster their bottom line. By comparison, top executives at Barclays knew the bank was lowballing its Libor rates to assuage concerns about its high borrowing costs.

R.B.S., which admitted that 21 of its employees altered the firm’s Libor submissions for financial gain on hundreds of occasions, either disciplined or fired most of the employees. The rest left before they were implicated. In the UBS case, the trading commission cited more than 2,000 instances of illegal acts involving dozens of employees.

Still, the government complaints against R.B.S. portray a permissive culture that allowed rate-rigging to persist for some four years.

The bank’s own records captured the scheme in striking detail, revealing how traders pressured other employees to submit certain Libor figures. Submitters and traders sat in earshot of each other on a trading desk in London, forming what authorities termed a “cozy ring.”

The bank eventually separated the employees, forcing them to communicate over e-mail and phone. A flurry of instant messages ensued, some more vulgar than others.

A trader noted in September 2009 that his requests for rates moved up and down, “like a whores drawers.” Another employee acknowledged that the Libor rate-setting process is “a cartel now.”

To get their way with employees who submitted Libor rates, traders promised “love” and affection. Others merely offered steak and sushi. One trader resorted to begging, invoking a plea of “pretty please.”

The collusion was not limited to inside Royal Bank of Scotland.

Between 2008 and 2009, the bank’s traders cooperated with other banks, including the Swiss financial giant UBS, and brokerage firms to manipulate Libor, according to regulatory filings. To ensure rate submissions at other banks benefited their own trading positions, some of Royal Bank of Scotland’s staff paid brokers more than a combined $300,000 in kickbacks over the time period to influence traders at other firms on their behalf.

When authorities started investigating, the traders adapted their tactics. One employee noted that federal authorities “are all over us.”

The concerns prompted a more covert approach. In September 2010, after the trading commission ordered an internal investigation at R.B.S., a derivatives trader urged a colleague who requested a higher Libor rate to send “no emails anymore.”

Two months later, a Libor submitter rebuffed an instant message request to manipulate rates. But then, the submitter spoke with the trader via telephone, explaining “we’re not allowed to have those conversations” over instant message.

Their call was recorded. The employees laughed, according to a transcript, and the submitter reassured the trader that he would fulfill the request: “Leave it with me, and uh, it won’t be a problem.”

The lobbying paid off. When employees submitted bogus rates, government authorities said, Libor was altered.

Lanny Breuer, the head of the Justice Department’s criminal division, called the actions a “stunning abuse of trust.”

He also warned of coming actions against other big banks. “Our message is clear: no financial institution is above the law.”

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Obama urges short-term solution to prevent steep budget cuts

WASHINGTON – President Obama on Tuesday called on Congress to come up with short-term spending cuts and revenue increases that would stave off more drastic cuts set to take effect in March.

In a brief appearance in the White House briefing room, Obama asked lawmakers to come up with a quick fix that would postpone the automatic cuts and their "devastating" effects on the economy.

The economy is in recovery, Obama said, but that won’t continue if there are “self-inflicted wounds” caused by elected officials. 

The economy shouldn’t be at risk “just because folks in Washington couldn’t come together to eliminate a few special-interest tax loopholes or government programs that we agreed need some reform,” he said.

PHOTOS: President Obama’s past

The president said he still wants to deal with deficits over the longer term, but that he doesn’t want to see workers laid off and critical programs lapse while Congress works its way to a more broad-based budget solution.

When the automatic cuts were first devised in 2011, the $1.2-trillion in so-called sequester cuts were intentionally designed to be severe. Lawmakers on all sides believed they would force Congress to come up with a better alternative for deficit reduction.

But the deadline is drawing close and the sides are nowhere near a permanent solution. Democrats want to exchange the pending across-the-board cuts for tax revenue generated in part by ending tax breaks for oil and gas companies.

Republicans, meanwhile, see the looming sequester as one of their best chances to exact steep spending cuts. They want to steer away from reductions at the Pentagon and toward Medicare, food stamps and other domestic programs.

PHOTOS: President Obama’s second inauguration

Sen. Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, the Republican minority leader, calls the Democrats' ideas “gimmicks.” House Speaker John A. Boehner (R-Ohio) argues that the public doesn’t support the idea of raising taxes in place of cutting spending.

“The president’s sequester should be replaced with spending cuts and reforms that will start us on the path to balancing the budget in 10 years,” Boehner said.

Speaking to reporters, Obama said he believes “modest reforms” in social insurance programs would eventually have to be paired with tax reform.

For the moment, he said, it appears a full budget “may not be finished” before the automatic cuts kick in. Congress can’t let that happen, he said.

QUIZ: Test your knowledge about the debt limit

“If Congress can’t act immediately on a bigger package,” he said, “they should at least pass a smaller package of spending cuts and tax reforms that would delay the economically damaging effects of the sequester for a few more months.”

After that, he said, the two sides can work together to replace cuts with a “smarter solution.”

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christi.parsons@latimes.com

lisa.mascaro@latimes.com

Twitter: @cparsons and @lisamascaroindc

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Hidden iPad Buttons Suggest Apple Will Bring Radio Functionality to iTunes

Files discovered in the iTunes app on jailbroken iPads suggest the tablets might be getting new radio-centric features.

The files are named variations of “radio button,” and two of them also have the word “buy” in their names, according to 9to5 Mac, which found the buttons while rooting around inside their jailbroken iPad. The icon associated with these files is reminiscent of the radio icon once found in the Mac version of iTunes.

The icons could indicate Apple is bringing the radio feature of its desktop iTunes platform to the iPad, along with an ability to easily purchase the track you’re listening to. Alternatively, Apple could be planning to take down streaming platforms like Pandora, Spotify or Rdio with a radio-like service of its own.

Late last year, reports ran rampant that Apple was hard at work on a Pandora-like streaming radio service. The Wall Street Journal said Apple was negotiating the licensing needed for such a custom radio service, with stations based around your favorite songs or artists. Bloomberg said we’d see the service debut in early 2013.

Music discovery has been a challenge for Apple. It shuttered its music-centric social network Ping at the end of September. Without integration with Facebook (a deal that reportedly fell through), Ping failed to garner devoted users eager to share what they were listening to and buying on iTunes. Ping’s prompts urging users to buy tracks also made it feel less social and more commercial.

With a radio service and a more subtle option to purchase the tracks you dig, Apple could have a more successful recipe for boosting iTunes music sales, and letting you find cool music in the process. Sales of music downloads have generally been slowing in recent years.

Apple pushed a big update to its iTunes platform, iTunes 11, back in November, but its new features centered around ease of use, search, and the ability to queue up tracks (and manage them).

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Beyonce sings, reunites Destiny’s Child at Super Bowl half-time show

(Reuters) – Singer Beyonce strutted and shimmied her way through football’s Super Bowl half-time show and thrilled fans by reuniting with her former Destiny’s Child bandmates on Sunday in New Orleans.

Beyonce, wearing a revealing black leather jacket and miniskirt combination, was surrounded by bursts of fire, smoke and silhouettes as she performed at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome. More than 100 million television viewers were tuned in to the NFL championship game between the San Francisco 49ers and Baltimore Ravens.

The singer called out to the crowd several times during her first songs, “Love on Top,” “Crazy in Love,” “End of Time” and “Baby Boy,” to emphasize that she was singing live.

On Thursday, Beyonce admitted she sang along with a pre-recorded track of the national anthem at President Barack Obama‘s inauguration last month.

The lip-synching controversy threatened to derail the pop singer’s crafted comeback after giving birth to her first child with rapper and husband Jay-Z in January 2012. Beyonce will also premiere her self-directed documentary, “Life is But a Dream,” on HBO on February 16.

During Sunday’s half-time show, the 31-year-old singer stomped and shook her hips and torso while video of Beyonce dancing was projected alongside her to give the appearance of a choreographed routine.

SANDY HOOK SINGS

Beyonce rolled through four songs before Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams, from her former girl group Destiny’s Child, ascended through trap doors in the stage to sing hits “Bootylicious” and “Independent Woman.”

It was the trio’s first public performance since 2006. Clad in black leather outfits designed by Rubin Singer, they performed three songs, including Beyonce‘s hit “Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It).”

Last month, the group released “Nuclear,” its first song in about a decade.

Beyonce finished with “Halo” from her 2008 album “I Am … Sasha Fierce.”

Last year’s Super Bowl attracted 111.3 million U.S. viewers, the largest audience for a single TV broadcast in the United States.

Before Sunday’s kickoff, singers Alicia Keys and Jennifer Hudson performed.

Hudson performed “America the Beautiful” with the chorus from Sandy Hook Elementary School, the site of December’s mass shooting in Newtown, Connecticut. Twenty children and six adults were killed in the massacre.

Keys, wearing a sleeveless maroon dress, played a stripped-down rendition of the “Star Spangled Banner” at a silver piano atop a small stage at midfield.

(Editing by Stacey Joyce)

Music News Headlines – Yahoo! News

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SciTimes Update: Recent Developments in Science and Health News

Red Bull Stratos/European Pressphoto Agency

Felix Baumgartner of Austria jumps from 24 miles up in Roswell, New Mexico.

Tuesday in science, sharks with an image problem, good teeth get more dates, dog geniuses and remembering your dreams. Check out these headlines and other science news from around the Web.

Supersonic Skydiver: Skydiver Felix Baumgartner was faster than he or anyone else thought during his record-setting jump last October from 24 miles up. The Austrian parachutist known as “Fearless Felix” reached 843.6 mph, reports The Associated Press.

Stress Through Generations: For the first time, genes chemically silenced by stress during life have been shown to remain silenced in eggs and sperm in mice, possibly allowing the effect of stress to be passed down to the next generation, reports The Washington Post.

Man Bites Shark: A new study refutes the shark’s reputation as a bloodthirsty stalker of humans, reports Reuters. There’s no basis for believing that sharks have a taste for human flesh, the study argues. Human swimmers, often dressed in black wet suits and looking like seals, are instead mistaken for sharks’ usual prey.

What Singles Want: Good teeth, grammar and humor are important to singles, a new USA Today survey reports.

The Farmer’s Workout: Farmers -- the people counted on to feed the nation -- are facing weight gains of their own, reports Gannett News.

Yes, They Do Windows: The Wall Street Journal reports on window-washing robots.

Staying In: To keep patients out of the hospital, health care providers are bringing back revamped versions of a time-honored practice: the house call.

Spill Your Secrets: Teenagers who share their secrets in confidence with parents and friends have fewer headaches and depressed moods and are more confident in social situations than those who keep secrets to themselves, according to a report in The Journal of Adolescence.

Drilling on Mars: NASA’s Curiosity rover, the S.U.V.-sized robot exploring Mars, is getting ready to spin its drill bit for the first time, reports The Christian Science Monitor.

Couch Potatoes: Men who watch a lot of television have lower sperm counts than those who don’t watch any, reports ScienceNews.org.

Dream a Little Dream: Anyone who has ever awoken feeling amazed by their night’s dream only to forget its contents by the time they reach the shower will understand the difficulties of studying such an ephemeral state of mind, reports New Scientist.

Smart Dogs: Scientific American explores the science of dog intelligence.

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